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Aldactone (spironolactone)

Indications

• It helps lower high blood pressure, reducing the risk of strokes and heart attacks.
• Treats fluid retention (edema) in patients with congestive heart failure, liver cirrhosis, and nephrotic syndrome.
• Reduces the risk of hospitalization for heart failure.
• Manages the condition where the adrenal glands produce too much aldosterone.
• Prevents low potassium levels in the blood.

Dosage and Administration

• Take the tablet exactly as prescribed by your doctor, typically once daily.
• Swallow the tablet whole with water, preferably with food to reduce stomach upset.
• Follow a diet high in potassium unless advised otherwise by your doctor.
• Do not take more than the prescribed dose; adhere strictly to your doctor’s instructions.
• Avoid potassium supplements or salt substitutes containing potassium unless directed by your doctor.
• Do not discontinue use abruptly without consulting your doctor.

Mechanism of Action

Spironolactone, the active ingredient in Aldactone, is a potassium-sparing diuretic. It works by blocking the action of aldosterone, a hormone that causes the kidneys to retain sodium and water. By inhibiting aldosterone, spironolactone helps to increase the excretion of sodium and water while retaining potassium, thus reducing fluid buildup and lowering blood pressure.

Contraindications

• Allergic Reaction: Do not use if you are allergic to spironolactone or any other ingredients in Aldactone.
• Kidney Problems: Avoid using Aldactone if you have severe kidney impairment or anuria (inability to produce urine).
• Hyperkalemia: Do not take the medication if you have high potassium levels in your blood.
• Addison’s Disease: Avoid use if you have Addison’s disease (adrenal insufficiency).

Side Effects

Common Side Effects:

• Drowsiness
• Dizziness
• Gastrointestinal issues (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea)
• Headache
• Breast tenderness or enlargement in both men and women

Serious Side Effects:

• Electrolyte imbalances (high potassium levels, low sodium levels)
• Severe allergic reactions (rash, itching/swelling, severe dizziness, trouble breathing)
• Kidney problems (changes in urine output, swelling in feet/ankles)
• Liver problems (yellowing of the skin or eyes, dark urine, severe stomach pain)
• Blood disorders (unusual bleeding or bruising, signs of infection such as fever and sore throat)

Precautions

• Electrolyte Monitoring: Regularly monitor blood electrolyte levels to prevent imbalances.
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Consult your doctor if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding.
• Other Medications: Inform your doctor about all other medications you are taking to avoid potential interactions, especially other diuretics, ACE inhibitors, and NSAIDs.
• Diabetes: Monitor blood sugar levels closely if you have diabetes, as spironolactone can affect glucose levels.

Storage Instructions

• Store at room temperature between 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F).
• Keep away from excessive moisture.
• Protect from light to maintain efficacy.
• Keep out of reach of children to prevent accidental ingestion.

References

https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2018/012151s075lbl.pdf