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Zyloprim (allopurinol)

Indications

• Zyloprim tablets are primarily prescribed to treat gout and certain types of kidney stones caused by excessive levels of uric acid in the blood.
• This medication helps to lower uric acid levels in the body, thereby reducing the risk of gout attacks and preventing the formation of uric acid crystals in the kidneys.
• Zyloprim may also be used to manage certain types of kidney problems associated with high uric acid levels.

Dosage and Administration

• Take Zyloprim exactly as prescribed by your doctor.
• Swallow the tablet whole with a full glass of water.
• Take Zyloprim after meals to reduce stomach upset, unless otherwise directed by your doctor.
• Stay well-hydrated while taking Zyloprim to help prevent kidney stones.
• Keep all scheduled appointments for monitoring uric acid levels and kidney function.
• Do not crush or chew Zyloprim tablets, as this may affect their effectiveness.
• Avoid missing doses; if you forget a dose, take it as soon as you remember, but do not double up on doses.
• Do not stop taking Zyloprim abruptly without consulting your doctor, as this may lead to a recurrence of symptoms.
• Do not take Zyloprim if you are allergic to allopurinol or any components of the tablets.

Mechanism of Action

Allopurinol, the active ingredient in Zyloprim, works by inhibiting the enzyme xanthine oxidase, which is involved in the production of uric acid in the body. By blocking this enzyme, allopurinol reduces the formation of uric acid, leading to lower levels in the blood and decreased risk of gout attacks and kidney stones.

Contraindications

• Do not take Zyloprim if you have a history of severe allergic reactions to allopurinol or any components of the tablets.
• Avoid Zyloprim if you have acute attacks of gout; this medication is not effective in treating acute gout attacks.
• Do not use Zyloprim if you are pregnant or breastfeeding without discussing the risks and benefits with your doctor.
• Avoid Zyloprim if you have severe kidney or liver disease without consulting your doctor.

Side Effects

Common Side Effects

• Nausea
• Diarrhea
• Rash
• Headache
• Drowsiness
• Changes in taste

Serious Side Effect

• Severe allergic reactions, such as rash, itching, or swelling of the face or throat
• Liver problems, including yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice) and dark urine
• Blood disorders, such as decreased white blood cell count or platelet count
• Muscle weakness or pain, especially with fever or dark urine
• Kidney problems, including decreased urine output or swelling in the legs or ankles

Precautions

• Inform your doctor if you have any history of liver or kidney problems before starting Zyloprim.
• Report any signs of allergic reactions or serious side effects to your doctor immediately.
• Stay well-hydrated while taking Zyloprim to help prevent kidney stones.
• Use caution when driving or operating machinery, as Zyloprim may cause dizziness or drowsiness.
• Avoid excessive alcohol consumption while taking Zyloprim, as it may increase the risk of side effects.

Storage Instructions

• Store Zyloprim tablets at room temperature, away from moisture and heat.
• Keep the tablets in their original packaging to protect them from light.
• Keep out of reach of children and pets.
• Do not use Zyloprim if it has expired or if the tablets appear discolored or damaged.
• Dispose of any unused or expired medication properly, following local regulations.

References

https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2018/016084s044lbl.pdf