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Nizoral Shampoo (ketoconazole)

Indications

• Treatment of Dandruff: Nizoral shampoo is used to control flaking, scaling, and itching associated with dandruff.
• Seborrheic Dermatitis: It treats and prevents symptoms of seborrheic dermatitis, a skin condition that causes scaly patches and red skin, mainly on your scalp.
• Tinea Versicolor: Nizoral shampoo is effective against tinea versicolor, a fungal infection that causes small, discolored patches of skin.
• Scalp Psoriasis: This shampoo helps in managing scalp psoriasis by reducing itching and flaking.

Dosage and Administration

• Use Nizoral shampoo exactly as directed by your doctor or as per the instructions on the package.
• Wet your hair and scalp thoroughly before applying the shampoo.
• Apply enough shampoo to wash your scalp and hair, creating a lather, and leave it on for 3 to 5 minutes before rinsing thoroughly.
• Use shampoo twice a week for the first 2 to 4 weeks to see the best results.
• Do not use it more frequently than recommended unless advised by your doctor.
• Avoid contact with eyes. If the shampoo gets into your eyes, rinse thoroughly with water.
• Do not use on broken or inflamed skin without consulting your doctor.
• Avoid using other hair products immediately after using Nizoral shampoo unless recommended by your doctor.

Mechanism of Action

Nizoral shampoo contains ketoconazole, an antifungal agent that works by disrupting the production of ergosterol, an essential component of fungal cell membranes. By weakening the fungal cell membrane, the shampoo effectively kills the fungus, reducing the symptoms of dandruff and other scalp conditions.

Contraindications

• Do not use Nizoral shampoo if you are allergic to ketoconazole or any other ingredients in the shampoo.
• Avoid use if you have open sores or severe skin conditions on your scalp without consulting a doctor.
• Not recommended for children under 12 years of age without medical advice.
• Consult your doctor before using it if you are pregnant or breastfeeding.

Side Effects

Common Side Effects

• Mild irritation or stinging
• Dryness or oiliness of the hair and scalp
• Change in hair texture
• Unusual hair loss or thinning

Serious Side Effects

• Severe allergic reactions (e.g., rash, itching, swelling, severe dizziness, trouble breathing)
• Severe skin irritation or redness

Precautions

• Avoid using shampoo more often than directed to prevent scalp irritation.
• Inform your doctor about any existing skin conditions before starting treatment.
• Discuss with your doctor if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding.
• If you experience any severe reactions or if the condition worsens, discontinue use and consult your doctor.

Storage Instructions

• Store Nizoral shampoo at room temperature, between 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F).
• Keep the bottle tightly closed and out of reach of children.
• Protect the shampoo from light and moisture.
• Do not store it in the bathroom.

References

https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2019/020310Orig1s023lbl.pdf