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Kayexalate (sodium polystyrene sulfonate)

Indications

Kayexalate is prescribed for Hyperkalemia.

Dosage and Administration

• Mix the prescribed dose of Kayexalate powder with water or syrup (do not mix with fruit juice).
• Take the mixture by mouth as directed by your healthcare provider.
• Follow the dosing schedule as prescribed, typically ranging from 15 grams to 60 grams per day in divided doses.
• Do not mix with fruit juices or other potassium-containing liquids.
• Avoid taking other oral medications within 3 hours before or after Kayexalate (or within 6 hours if you have slow digestion).
• Do not exceed the prescribed dose or frequency.

Mechanism of Action

Kayexalate is a cation-exchange resin that works by exchanging sodium ions for potassium ions in the intestine. As it moves through the gastrointestinal tract, it binds to potassium and removes it from the body through the feces. This process helps to lower elevated potassium levels in the blood.

Contraindications

Kayexalate should not be used in case of:

• Have Hypokalemia: Low potassium levels in the blood.
• Have Obstructive Bowel Disease: Including conditions like bowel obstruction.
• Have Hypersensitivity: Are allergic to Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate or any other ingredients in Kayexalate.
• Have Conditions Linked to Decreased Bowel Motility: Such as postoperative ileus or if you have recently undergone gastrointestinal surgery.

Side Effects

Common Side Effects:

• Constipation
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Loss of appetite

Serious Side Effects:

• Electrolyte imbalances (low calcium, magnesium, or potassium levels)
• Severe constipation or intestinal obstruction
• Fecal impaction
• Gastrointestinal necrosis (rare, but serious)
• Allergic reactions (symptoms: rash, itching, swelling, severe dizziness, trouble breathing)

Precautions

• Regular blood tests are necessary to check potassium, sodium, calcium, and magnesium levels.
• Drink plenty of fluids to avoid constipation and other gastrointestinal issues.
• Avoid simultaneous use with other oral medications.
• Especially if you have heart disease, high blood pressure, or gastrointestinal conditions.

Storage Instructions

• Keep between 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C).
• Store in a dry place away from direct heat sources.
• Ensure that children do not have access to medication.
• Store the powder in its original container with the lid tightly closed.

References

https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/011287s022lbl.pdf