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Apoquel (Oclacitinib)

Indications

• Allergic Dermatitis in Dogs: Apoquel is prescribed for the control of pruritus (itching) associated with allergic dermatitis in dogs, providing relief from itching and inflammation.
• Atopic Dermatitis in Dogs: Used for the treatment of atopic dermatitis, a chronic skin condition caused by environmental allergens, reducing symptoms such as itching, redness, and swelling.

Dosage and Administration

• Administer Apoquel as prescribed by your veterinarian, typically twice daily for up to 14 days, followed by once daily for maintenance.
• Give the tablets with or without food, depending on your dog’s preference and tolerance.
• Ensure the full course of treatment is completed, even if your dog shows improvement.
• Do not give Apoquel to dogs younger than 12 months of age or those with serious infections.
• Avoid using Apoquel in breeding, pregnant, or lactating dogs without veterinary advice.
• Do not alter the dosage without consulting your veterinarian.

Mechanism of Action

Apoquel (oclacitinib) is a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor. It works by inhibiting the JAK1 and JAK3 enzymes, which are involved in the signaling pathways that lead to inflammation, itching, and allergic responses in dogs. By blocking these pathways, Apoquel helps reduce the symptoms associated with allergic and atopic dermatitis.

Contraindications

• Serious Infections: Do not use Apoquel in dogs with serious infections, as it may exacerbate the condition.
• History of Cancer: Avoid if the dog has a history of neoplasia (cancer) unless advised by a veterinarian.
• Dogs Under 12 Months: Not suitable for puppies under one year of age.

Side Effects

Common Side Effects

• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Lethargy
• Anorexia (loss of appetite)

Serious Side Effects

• Increased susceptibility to infections
• Development of skin lumps or masses
• Persistent or severe vomiting and diarrhea
• Signs of immune suppression (increased frequency of infections)

Precautions

• Regular Monitoring: Have regular check-ups with your veterinarian to monitor your dog’s response to Apoquel and adjust the dosage if necessary.
• Infection Risk: Monitor for signs of infection, as Apoquel can suppress the immune system, making dogs more susceptible to infections.
• Avoid Immunizations: Consult your veterinarian before giving your dog any vaccines while on Apoquel, as it may interfere with their effectiveness.
• Pre-existing Conditions: Inform your veterinarian of any pre-existing conditions, particularly infections or cancer, before starting Apoquel.

Storage Instructions

• Store Apoquel at room temperature, between 68°F and 77°F (20°C and 25°C).
• Keep the tablets in their original packaging until use to protect from moisture.
• Store in a secure place out of reach of children and pets.
• Do not use expired medication; dispose of it properly according to local regulations.

References

https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=275a2c51-9679-4f42-b8cc-21b04369a056