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Ampicillin (ampicillin)

Indications

• Bacterial Infections: Ampicillin is prescribed for treating various bacterial infections, including respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, gastrointestinal infections, and meningitis.
• Gonorrhea: Effective in treating uncomplicated gonorrhea caused by susceptible strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
• Septicemia and Endocarditis: Used in the treatment of blood infections and inflammation of the heart’s inner lining caused by susceptible bacteria.
• Skin and Soft Tissue Infections: Prescribed for infections of the skin and soft tissues, including abscesses, cellulitis, and wound infections.

Dosage and Administration

• Take Ampicillin on an empty stomach, either half an hour before or two hours after meals.
• Swallow the capsules whole with a full glass of water.
• Complete the full course of therapy as prescribed, even if you feel better before the end.
• Do not skip doses; missing doses can make the infection harder to treat.
• Avoid taking antacids or other medications that may interfere with absorption within one hour of taking Ampicillin.
• Do not stop the medication early without consulting your doctor, even if symptoms improve.

Mechanism of Action

Ampicillin is a broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic that works by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls, leading to cell lysis and death of the bacteria. It is effective against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

Contraindications

• Known Allergy to Penicillin: Do not use it if you have a history of allergic reactions to penicillin or any similar antibiotics.
• Mononucleosis (Mono): Avoid using Ampicillin if you have mononucleosis, as it can cause a rash.
• History of Cholestatic Jaundice or Hepatic Dysfunction: Do not take Ampicillin if you have experienced liver problems related to its use.

Side Effects

Common Side Effects

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Rash
• Oral or vaginal thrush

Serious Side Effects

• Severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis), including difficulty breathing, swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat
• Severe skin reactions (e.g., Stevens-Johnson syndrome)
• Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea
• Liver toxicity

Precautions

• Allergies: Inform your doctor if you have any allergies, especially to penicillin or cephalosporin antibiotics.
• Renal Impairment: Dosage adjustment may be necessary for patients with kidney issues; discuss this with your healthcare provider.
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Notify your doctor if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding.
• Prolonged Use: Long-term use may result in overgrowth of non-susceptible organisms; follow up with your doctor regularly.

Storage Instructions

• Store Ampicillin at room temperature, between 68°F and 77°F (20°C and 25°C).
• Keep the medication in its original container, tightly closed, and out of reach of children.
• Protect it from moisture and excessive heat; do not store it in the bathroom.

References

https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/050608s047lbl.pdf